Dissolve Definition in Chemistry

Disintegrate Definition in Chemistry In science, to disintegrate is to make a solute go into an answer. Dissolving is additionally called disintegration. Ordinarily, this includes a strong going into a fluid stage, however disintegration can include different changes too. For instance, when combinations structure, one strong disintegrates into another to frame a strong arrangement. Explicit models must be met for a procedure to be viewed as disintegration. For fluids and gases, the substance that breaks up must be fit for framing non-covalent collaborations with the dissolvable. For crystalline solids, the precious stone structure should be separated to discharge iotas, particles, or atoms. At the point when ionic mixes break up, they separate into their part particles in the dissolvable. The term dissolvability alludes to how promptly a substance disintegrates in a particular dissolvable. In the event that disintegration is supported, the substance is supposed to be dissolvable in that dissolvable. Interestingly, if next to no solute disintegrates, it is supposed to be insoluble. Remember, a compound or atom might be dissolvable in one dissolvable yet insoluble in another. For instance, sodium chloride is dissolvable in water yet not as dissolvable in natural solvents, for example, CH3)2CO or turpentine. Models Mixing sugar into water is a case of dissolving. The sugar is the solute, while the water is the dissolvable. Dissolving salt in water is a case of disintegration of an ionic compound. The sodium chloride (salt) separates into sodium and chloride particles when it is blended in with water. Discharging the helium from an inflatable into the climate is likewise a case of dissolving. The helium gas disintegrates into the bigger volume of the air.

Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692

Tituba and The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Tituba was among the initial three individuals blamed for being a witch during the Salem witch preliminaries of 1692. She admitted to black magic and charged others. Tituba, otherwise called Tituba Indian, was aâ household slave and worker whose birth and demise dates are obscure. Tituba Biography Little is known about Titubas foundation or even starting point. Samuel Parris, later to assume a focal job in the Salem witch preliminaries of 1692 as the town serve, carried three subjugated people with him when he came to Massachusetts from New Spain Barbados in the Caribbean. We can figure from the conditions that Parris acquired responsibility for in Barbados, presumably when she was twelve or a couple of years more seasoned. We don't have the foggiest idea whether he got such possession in repayment of an obligation, however that story has been acknowledged by a few. Parris was, at the time he was in New Spain, not yet wedded and not yet a clergyman. At the point when Samuel Parris moved to Boston from New Spain, he brought Tituba, John Indian and a little youngster with him as family unit slaves. In Boston, he wedded and later turned into a pastor. Tituba filled in as a maid. In Salem Village Fire up. Samuel Parris moved to Salem Village in 1688, a possibility for the situation of Salem Village serve. In around 1689, Tituba and John Indian appear to have hitched. In 1689 Parris was officially called as the priest, given a full deed to the parsonage, and the Salem Village church sanction was agreed upon. Tituba would not likely have been legitimately associated with the developing church strife including Rev. Parris. Be that as it may, since the contention remembered retaining compensation and installment for kindling, and Parris griped about the impact on his family, Tituba likely would likewise have felt the deficiency of kindling and food in the house. She would likewise have likely known about the agitation in the network when attacks were propelled in New England, firing up again in 1689 (and called King Williams War), with New France utilizing both French officers and nearby Indians to battle against the English pioneers. Regardless of whether she knew about the political clashes around Massachusetts status as a province isn't known. Regardless of whether she knew about Rev. Parris lessons in late 1691 notice of Satans impact around is additionally not known, however it appears to be likely that his feelings of dread were known in his family unit. Pains and Accusations Begin In mid 1692, three young ladies with associations with the Parris family started to show unusual conduct. One was Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, the nine-year-old little girl of Rev. Parris and his significant other. Another was Abigail Williams, age 12, called family or a niece of Rev. Parris. She may have filled in as a family unit hireling and an ally to Betty. The third young lady was Ann Putnam Jr., who was the girl of a key supporter of Rev. Parris in the Salem Village church strife. There is no source before the last 50% of the nineteenth century, remembering transcripts of declaration for the assessments and preliminaries, that bolsters that Tituba and the young ladies who were informers drilled any enchantment together. To discover what was causing the tribulations, a nearby specialist (probably William Griggs) and a neighboring priest, Rev. John Hale, were brought in by Parris. Tituba later affirmed that she saw dreams of the fiend and witches amassing. The specialist analyzed the reason for the sufferings as Evil Hand. A neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, prompted John Indian and conceivably Tituba to make a witchs cake to distinguish the reason for the underlying sufferings of Betty Parris and Abigail Williams. The following day, Betty and Abigail named Tituba as a reason for their conduct. Tituba was blamed by the little youngsters for appearing to them (as a soul), which added up to an allegation of black magic. Tituba was interrogated concerning her job. Fire up. Parris beat Tituba to attempt to get an admission from her. Tituba Arrested and Examined On February 29, 1692, a capture warrant was given for Tituba in Salem Town. Capture warrants were additionally given for Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. Every one of the three of the charged were inspected the following day at Nathaniel Ingersolls bar in Salem Village by nearby judges Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. In that assessment, Tituba admitted, naming both Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good as witches and portraying their ghostly developments, incorporating meeting with the fallen angel. Sarah Good guaranteed her honesty yet embroiled Tituba and Osborne. Tituba was addressed for two additional days. Titubas admission, by the guidelines of the court, shielded her from being attempted later with others, including the individuals who were in the long run seen as blameworthy and executed. Tituba apologized as far as it matters for her, saying she adored Betty and intended no mischief. She remembered for her admission confounded stories of black magic all perfect with English society convictions, not voodoo as some have claimed. Tituba herself went into a fit, professing to be tormented. After the judges completed their assessment of Tituba, she was sent to prison. While she was detained, two others blamed her for being one of a few ladies whose ghosts theyd seen flying. John Indian, through the preliminaries, likewise had various fits when present for the assessment of charged witches. Some have hypothesized this was a method of diverting further doubt of himself or his significant other. Tituba herself is scarcely referenced in the records after her underlying capture, assessment, and admission. The Rev. Parris vowed to pay the expense to permit Tituba to be discharged from jail. Under the principles of the settlement, like guidelines in England, even somebody discovered blameless needed to pay for costs caused to detain and take care of them before they could be discharged. However, Tituba retracted her admission, and Parris never paid the fine, apparently in reprisal for her recantation. After the Trials The following spring, the preliminaries finished and different detained people were discharged once their fines were paid. Somebody paid seven pounds for Titubas discharge. Probably, whoever paid the fine had bought Tituba from Parris. A similar individual may have bought John Indian; the two of them vanish from every known record after Titubas discharge. A couple of narratives notice a girl, Violet, who stayed with the Parris family. Tituba in Fiction Arthur Miller incorporates Tituba in his 1952 play, The Crucible, which utilizes the Salem witch preliminaries as an illustration or relationship to twentieth century McCarthyism, the interest, and boycotting of denounced Communists. Tituba is portrayed in Millers show as starting black magic as play among the young ladies of Salem Village.In 1964, Ann Petry distributed Tituba of Salem Village, composed for youngsters ten and older.Maryse Condã ©, a French Caribbean essayist, distributed I, Tituba: Black Witch of Salem which contends that Tituba was of dark African heritage.â Tituba Bibliography Notwithstanding makes reference to in different assets in the general Salem Witch preliminaries list of sources, these references might be particularly useful in finding out about Tituba: Elaine Breslaw. Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. 1996.Chadwick Hansen. The Metamorphosis of Tituba, or Why American Intellectuals Cant Tell an Indian Witch from a Negro. The New England Quarterly, March 1974.Bernard Rosenthal. Titubas Story. The New England Quarterly, June 1998.Bernard Rosenthal. Dull Eve. Hypnotized: Women and Witchcraft in America. Altered by Elizabeth Ries. 1998.

Government Role in Construction Industry

Government Role in Construction Industry Financial aspects FOR CONSTRUCTION AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT JULIANA SULING ANDREW Presentation The two fundamental pieces of financial hypothesis were normally named â€Å"monetary theory† and â€Å"price theory†. Financial hypothesis suggests that unmistakable fiscal methodologies can advantage nations depending upon their exceptional course of action of benefits and obstacles. It is considering focus contemplations with respect to how factors like the proportion of the money gracefully, esteem levels and benchmark premium rates impact the economy. Budgetary specialists and central keeping cash powers are consistently those generally included with making and executing money related methodology. A money related hypothesis that battles that the cost for a specific extraordinary/organization is the connection between the forces of gracefully and premium. The hypothesis of value says that when the bit of leeway got from the people who demand the component meets the sellers insignificant costs is the best business cost for the incredible/organization. Basically, microeconomics has to do with gracefully and request, and with the manner in which they collaborate in different markets. Microeconomics investigation moves effectively and easily from the one point to another and lies at the focal point of the a large portion of the perceived subfields of financial matters. Errand 1 There are two kinds of parts associated with our development industry; there are open segment and private division. It is essential to comprehend the contrast between the private area and open segment in light of the fact that your protection rights will vary contingent upon the enactment that an association is administered under. The private area is normally made out of affiliations that are secretly had and not some bit of the legislature. These when in doubt consolidate ventures (both advantage and non-advantage), associations, and establishments. A more straightforward way to deal with consider the private division is by considering affiliations that are not guaranteed or worked by the administration. For example, retail stores, credit associations, and neighborhood associations will work in the private part. The open part is commonly made out of affiliations that are guaranteed and worked by the assembly. This joins chose, ordinary, state, or metropolitan governments, dependent upon where you live. Security order as a rule considers relationship in the open division an open body or an open force. A couple of delineations of open bodies in Canada and the United Kingdom are educational bodies, restorative administrations bodies, police and prison organizations, and neighborhood and central government bodies and their specialized topics. Size is an essential typical for the get-togethers, affiliations, and gatherings in which social direct occurs. Right when only two or three people are associating, including just a single additional individual may have an immense impact by the manner in which they relate. As an affiliation or gathering creates in size it is adroit to encounter tipping centers where the course in which it works needs to change. The multifaceted design of huge groupings is most of the way considering the way that they are contained interrelated subgroups. As a gathering gets greater, including another person has less effect on its properties. An idea in any occasion in more diminutive gatherings, be that as it may, is whether the amount of people is even or odd. Doing things together is basic if every last one of those included surrender to what to do, or if prevailing part assumption has the limit supersede fights without repelling the dissenters. A gathering of six or eight people can part into two proportional gatherings, so decision making isn't appropriate to be as straightforward just as the size were five, seven or nine. As gatherings get greater impasses are increasingly implausible yet simultaneously can be inconvenient. If a gathering chooses decisions by casting a ballot it can grasp a technique for tie-breaking. As the size of a gathering builds, the quantity of conceivable individual to-individual connections (L) increments quickly as the size of the gathering (N) expands (L = (Nâ ² N)/2). In a four-part bunch there are six potential pairings; include a fifth part for every one of the four to identify with and you have ten sets. Necessity for activity gets the chance to be progressively plainly obvious. Certain things must be done a social affair to shape and continue with: people must be motivated to get together and take an interest; destinations must be set; assignments delegated, booked, and finished; issues grasped. Two or three people who trust each other and offer a fundamental explanation can on occasion do most of that in an unconstrained and equalitarian way. Significant social events frequently depend on upon apparent pioneers to direct tasks. Grouped characteristics construct, giving more advantages for basic reasoning anyway thwarting correspondence and coordinated effort and making accord more enthusiastically to reach. Bureaucratic philosophy tends to develop, for instance, allocating particular assignments to various subgroups and grasping standard techniques. Much monetary movement for instance cultivating, mining, creation, deals and others are done by little gatherings, every one of whose individuals cooperate under the oversight of a first-line chief. They for the most part work physically utilizing their staff or laborers. Assembling ventures are classes under huge gatherings of association. They go through huge machines to manufacture their items, for instance creation of vehicles. At the point when the interest is high from the clients, they don’t have sufficient opportunity to manufacture the vehicles individually, so they need machine to support them. Same goes to expressway development, they need the substantial machine to build the interstate and the laborers required are many. Errand 2(A) The two undertakings that can upgrade economy of the nation are expressway tasks and lodging ventures which both of this fall under development industry.â Assignment 2(B) The development business is a genuine interest in the economy either in structural designing development, non-private or private. It is considered as a part of a system to advance total interest for building and modern segments. The volume of ventures fluctuates relying upon the arrangement of dependability through the choice to diminish or expand spending on social administrations. In Malaysia, the part of the development business is one segment of the economy the principle nations. In the following 20 years, its commitment to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is in the scope of 3-6% per annum. In a similar period, the development business has recorded great development paces of twofold digit development for a long time from 1989 to 1996. Parkway transportation is the strategy for unobtrusive component course between homes, shops, and others. It is only the roads which can pass on stock from and to aerodromes, harbors and rail course stations. Considering the utility of boulevards wherever in the unmistakable pieces of a country, they can be properly stood out from passageways in a human body for the most part as flexibly courses keep up keeps an eye on prosperity by giving progression of blood; in like manner avenues advance countrys wealth by keeping its family and product moving. Consequently, we see that advance and flourishing of a nation relies much upon lanes. As a matter of fact, boulevards are the existence lines of countrys economy. Lodging is one of the fundamental prerequisites for guaranteeing the prosperity of the individuals is secured. The development area additionally added to monetary development that has direct importance to different segments, including the administrations division and the assembling segment of building materials. In satisfying this necessity, such factors as the capacity of purchasers, improvement expenses and selling costs consistently influence the interest and flexibly of lodging. In light of the present situation, lodging development is to a great extent moved in urban and rural regions thickly populated with potential purchasers was high and the lodging market is progressively across the board. Assignment 3(A) Financial matters arrangement creators are have two sorts of instruments to impact a country’s economy: financial approach and fiscal strategy. Assignment 3(B) Financial arrangement and financial strategy suggest the two most extensively saw apparatus used to affect a countrys fiscal activity. Fiscal strategy is chiefly worried about the organization of premium rates and the total flexibly of money accessible for use and is generally done by national banks, for instance, the Federal Reserve. Monetary strategy is the total term for the outfitting and spending exercises of governments. Fiscal approach National banks have regularly used financial strategy to either engage an economy into speedier turn of events or back off improvement over explanations behind caution of issues like growing. The theory is that, by boosting individuals and associations to secure and consume, financial approach will achieve the economy to turn out to be snappier than run of the mill. On the other hand, by constraining spending and boosting save reserves, the economy will turn out to be less quickly than normal. Financial arrangement Financial arrangement gadgets are different and intensely among advertise investigators and political onlookers. When in doubt, the purpose of most government financial procedures is to concentrate on the total degree of spending, the total structure of spending, or both in an economy. The two most comprehensively used strategy for impacting monetary approach are changes in the piece of government spending or in evaluation arrangement. Financial approach Fiscal approach Standard: Controlling the degree of total interest in the economy to accomplish financial goals of value steadiness, full business, and monetary development. Controlling the gracefully of cash to impact results like monetary development, expansion, trade rates with different monetary forms and joblessness. Definition: Monetary approach is the utilization of government use and income assortment to impact the economy. The procedure by which the fiscal authority of a nation controls the gracefully of cash. P

No need for a Mission Statement or Corporate Objectives.

No requirement for a Mission Statement or Corporate Objectives. Free Online Research Papers This paper looks at the requirement for an organization to build a Mission Statement. This announcement for the most part contains the focal qualities and convictions of the firm and it must be clung to by all representatives. Nonetheless, the inquiry presented here is that in today’s heightened serious business world, is there any prerequisite for such an archive. There is no uncertainty that opposition has become the point of convergence of numerous businesses’ focus, with an apparent disregard of these convictions and qualities. This is basically an impression of the market. In saying this, it is as yet my feeling that there is a spot for organizations to make and cling to a Mission Statement. I will additionally build up my feeling on this. Presentation: â€Å"If you don’t know where you are going, any street will take you there† Raymond G Viault, CEO, Jacobs Suchard, Switzerland. â€Å"A journey of a thousand miles starts with a solitary advance. It is significant that that progression is in the privilege direction.† Old Chinese saying, undated. â€Å"How would we be able to go ahead when we don’t know what direction we are facing?† John Lennon, 1972. â€Å"Most vital arranging includes getting ready thick reports loaded up with numbers and language. However, building the procedure around the image yields much better results† (Chan Kim and Mauborgne, June 2002,p.77). Crucial, values and vital objectives are properly called directional procedures since they control specialists when they settle on key hierarchical choices (Duncan et al, p.1 87). In this paper we inspect the key directional procedures of the association and their application to true circumstances. The strategic giving guidance: The crucial an association endeavors to catch the unmistakable reason or purpose behind being. Principally it is a mission statement and when obviously comprehended the intricacy of nature can be diminished and sorted out in a manner that can be dissected considering the objectives the association wishes to accomplish. Thompson (2002, p.93) recommends that a statement of purpose ought not address what an association must do so as to endure, but instead what it has decided to do so as to flourish. It should be sure, visionary and propelling. Ackoff (1986) recommends that a decent statement of purpose have five attributes: It will contain a detailing of goals that empowers progress towards them to be estimated, It separates the organization from its rivals, It characterizes the business that the organization needs to be in, not really is in, It is pertinent to all partners in the firm, not simply investors and directors, It is energizing and moving. Campbell (1989) contends that to be important statements of purpose must reflect corporate qualities, and the vital pioneer and the association all in all ought to be noticeably seeking after the mission. He takes a more extensive viewpoint to incorporate parts of the corporate vision contending that there are four issues engaged with building up a helpful strategic. Initially, it is critical to explain the motivation behind the association and why it exists. Also, the business and its exercises ought to be depicted and the position that it needs to accomplish in its field. Thirdly, the organisation’s qualities ought to be expressed. How does the organization mean to treat its workers, clients and providers? At last, guarantee that the association acts in the way that it guarantees it will. This is basic since it can motivate trust in representatives and other people who altogether impact the association. Statements of purpose can very effectively simply express the undeniable and thus have minimal genuine worth. The mystery lies in explaining what makes an organization extraordinary and a progressively compelling contender, as opposed to just rehashing those necessities that are basic for meeting key achievement factors. Organizations that succeed long haul are those which make upper hands and continue their solid situations with adaptability and improvement. Both the vision and strategic help this. As confirmed by Thompson (2002, p.94) the chief motivation behind these announcements is correspondence, both inside and remotely and a significant advantage for associations is the reasoning they are compelled to do so as to set up sound explanations. It is basic that the mission or undoubtedly the vision is in excess of a plaque on a divider in the lobby; representatives need to make the words mean something through their activities. For a statement of purpose to be a living record, representatives must feel that the association really implies what it is stating in the crucial vision articulations and must build up a feeling of possession, duty and reason in its usage. Basically there must be a component of trust, for without it the ideal results won't be accomplished. Workers ought to be associated with the turn of events and correspondence of the crucial top-level administration must be submitted remembering the CEO for mission plan. The mission unmistakably ought to compare to t he fundamental way of thinking or vision hidden the business, and if there is a sound way of thinking, methodologies that create achievement will be gotten from it. In the progression of objectives, the strategic the organisation’s particular character. It isn't only an outflow of expectation yet is an endeavor to catch the quintessence of direction and submit it to composing. Fundamentally, a hierarchical strategic an extensively characterized and suffering mission statement that recognizes a social insurance association from different associations of its sort and distinguishes the extent of its tasks in item, administration and market terms (Duncan et al, 2006, p.188). As verified by Duncan et al (2006, p.189) the statement of purpose is a critically significant piece of key objective setting. It is the superordinate objective that stands the trial of time and helps ranking directors and in fact laborers in exploring through times of disturbance and change. It is depicted a s â€Å"the stake in the ground that gives the grapple to vital planning†. Be that as it may, statements of purpose can't be fill in for thoroughly thought out and deliberately figured methodologies. A feeling of crucial not an assurance for progress. The association needs to hold fast to the mission and routinely audit it to be certain it stays important in changing occasions and ought to deliberately assess key choices with the utilization of its statement of purpose. Whenever new open doors present for the association, there are three basic inquiries to be viewed as, for example, â€Å"are we not doing a few things we ought to be doing†, would we say we are doing a few things we ought not be doing? furthermore, are we doing a few things we should keep on doing yet in an in a general sense diverse way?† to decide if the new open door is reliable with its fundamental peculiarity. As sketched out by Duncan et al (2006, p. 193) there is no single method to create and compose statements of purpose. To characterize the uniqueness of an association, statements of purpose should basically stress those parts of the business that make them exceptional. Statements of purpose perpetually incorporate the objective client and market, they demonstrate the chief administrations conveyed or gave by the association, determine the geological region inside which the association expects to focus its exercises, recognizes the organisation’s reasoning, affirms the favored mental self view and wanted open picture. Segments, for example, hierarchical way of thinking, self-idea and wanted open picture are especially connected with higher performing associations (Bail et al, 1999). Scholastics and experts have built up an arsenal of instruments to assist organizations with understanding their vital situating. Chan Kim and Mauborgne (2002, p.78) depict the drawing of a technique canvas as a â€Å"unique instrument to mapping vital course.. .11 completes three things in one picture†. It shows the vital profile of an industry by portraying unmistakably the components that influence rivalry among industry players as well as could be expected future elements, it shows the key profile of present and potential contenders, recognizing which factors they put resources into deliberately lastly it draws the company’s key profile or worth bend, indicating how it puts resources into the variables of rivalry and how it may put resources into them later on. Southwest Airline’s profile is an ideal case of a decent methodology, since it shows the three reciprocal characteristics that describe a successful procedure: center, difference and a convincing sloga n â€Å"the speed of a plane at the cost of a vehicle at whatever point you need it†. As verified by Chan Kim and Mauborgne (2002, p. 83) â€Å"Completing the four stages of envisioning procedure will return methodology to vital arranging, and it will extraordinarily improve your odds of thinking of a wining equation. As Aristotle brought up â€Å"The soul never thinks without an image†. Vision - a declaration of expectation: Vision is a depiction of what the association will resemble and seem as though when it is satisfying its motivation. Successful dreams have four significant properties: optimism, uniqueness, future direction and symbolism. Dreams are about goals, measures, and wanted future states. Successful dreams are explanations of goals that give a compass making a beeline for where the organisation’ s administration by and large need to go. Dreams are based on pictures of things to come and pictures inspire individuals to seek after the apparently unimaginable. As relevantly put by Gerry M Murphy, CEO, Greencore plc, Ireland â€Å"strategy advancement resembles driving around an indirect. The signs are just valuable in the event that you know where you need to go. A few ways out lead tough, some declining - most are single direction boulevards and some have overwhelming traffic without a doubt. The stunt is in picking the

Objectives and Targets Step for Making Music Festivals Essay

Destinations and Targets Step for Making Music Festivals - Essay Example The celebration has been distinguished to offer distinctive convenience administrations to the guests or crowds through outdoors fields. The guests are likewise given the chance of bringing convoys just as campervan for their convenience during the celebration. Guests are additionally offered with the chance of having both on location and off-site outdoors benefits (Glastonbury Festivala, 2014). The principle target of this task incorporates the assessment of the expanding check of guests who join in or take an interest in this Greenfield celebration. Contingent upon the assessment, venture techniques in regards to the arrangement of fitting pleasing offices to the expanding pace of crowd inflow are figured. In such manner, for drawing in the significant bit of the guests, the targets of the business are given hereunder. Course of action for settlement for the crowd of the Glastonbury Festival has consistently been a dull activity taking thought of the way that consistently this Greenfield celebration gets another and expanded tally of a populace that may even cross barely any millions (Glastonbury Festival). In such manner, the crowd for the settlement administration doesn't rely upon a particular sexual orientation and age. Furthermore, the celebration is recognized to draw in the adolescent to a huge degree. In such manner, the particular objective crowd for the settlement will be to draw in 40 percent of the adolescent just as should be expected grown-ups. The particular objective crowd for the celebration will likewise contain both extravagance and great administrations. The convenience administrations are isolated based on extravagance just as a work of art so guests can have their settlement based on their inclinations (Glastonbury Festivalc, 2014; Glastonbury Festival; Guardian News and Media Limited, 2014). The convenience administrations offered in the Glastonbury celebration depends on specific factors that incorporate security, room space, access to the celebration, vehicle leaving offices andâ catering services.â

Status Report COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Status Report COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is an update on where we are in the process of completing fall 2010 applications for review.   This picture shows how busy our printer has been in the past few days.   It has basically been going nonstop as we have printed several thousand applications that can range from 10-20 pages each.   And this picture only shows the applications printed, not the thousands of letters of recommendation we have received as well. The process of manually reviewing files and matching them to letters of recommendation (which live in a separate module of the same system) moves a little faster for applicants that chose to submit everything on line.   If documents have been mailed (or letters of recommendation for that matter) the process takes a while longer because we must search for the documents missed during our print cycles. In rare cases we are unable to read the transcripts uploaded to the site and for me I would say this represents only 5% of the applications I have reviewed so far.   If we are unable to read a document we will contact you.   As a reminder, if you uploaded your test scores and/or transcript(s) and they are showing as not received this is normal.   There is no need to email us concerning receipt.   We manually check to make sure the information was submitted and and then will check it off as Received Not Official. As a reminder, when we complete your file for review you will receive an email from our office.   In the meantime, we ask for your patience as we work as quickly as we can.   There is really no reason to worry, if there is an issue we will contact you. As stated in previous entries, it can take us up to 10-15 days to go through the process of completing files.   When a file is completed has no bearing upon an admission decision.     As of today we have completed about 30% of the applications submitted and the more time we spend, the faster things move along.   Phone calls and emails have also started to subside which will help us to move more quickly. I hope this window into our world helps you to understand the processing in our office.

Status Report COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Status Report COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is an update on where we are in the process of completing fall 2010 applications for review.   This picture shows how busy our printer has been in the past few days.   It has basically been going nonstop as we have printed several thousand applications that can range from 10-20 pages each.   And this picture only shows the applications printed, not the thousands of letters of recommendation we have received as well. The process of manually reviewing files and matching them to letters of recommendation (which live in a separate module of the same system) moves a little faster for applicants that chose to submit everything on line.   If documents have been mailed (or letters of recommendation for that matter) the process takes a while longer because we must search for the documents missed during our print cycles. In rare cases we are unable to read the transcripts uploaded to the site and for me I would say this represents only 5% of the applications I have reviewed so far.   If we are unable to read a document we will contact you.   As a reminder, if you uploaded your test scores and/or transcript(s) and they are showing as not received this is normal.   There is no need to email us concerning receipt.   We manually check to make sure the information was submitted and and then will check it off as Received Not Official. As a reminder, when we complete your file for review you will receive an email from our office.   In the meantime, we ask for your patience as we work as quickly as we can.   There is really no reason to worry, if there is an issue we will contact you. As stated in previous entries, it can take us up to 10-15 days to go through the process of completing files.   When a file is completed has no bearing upon an admission decision.     As of today we have completed about 30% of the applications submitted and the more time we spend, the faster things move along.   Phone calls and emails have also started to subside which will help us to move more quickly. I hope this window into our world helps you to understand the processing in our office.

Exchange Students Under the Influence of Social Factors - 2475 Words

Language Development of Exchange Students Under the Influence of Social Factors (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Literature reviewNameInstitutionTutorDateLiterature reviewlanguage development of exchange students under the influence of social factorsIn this paper the author purposes on examining the various theories and carrying out research on the second language acquisitions (SLA). Consequently, the author focuses on giving out instructions in the best possible ways and especially to the students in the higher institutions of learning about the various factors such as the native language, different social factors such as attending various social events in various vicinities at the institution such as sporting activities and clubs. Similarly, engagement in various group activities at the various levels in the system, sharing accommodation facilities with the native and non-native speakers among other factors and the surrounding environment in the organization which adversely make a significant contribution to the acquisition of the second language. The literature review will su bstantially make emphasis on addressing the modality through which instructions offered in the learning environment can contribute to the successful acquisition of the second language while linking up with the factors outlined in the above section of this paper. Consequently, the significant focus of this article is to make definitions on proficiency and accessing of L2 or second language skills (KENDALL KHUON, 2005).There are many competing theories offering various perspectives giving modes in which instructions can make promotions when learning new languages according to Wesche, (WESCHE, 1981). The empirical researchers made do not always show findings that can be referred to be as the cut outcomes. The literature review endeavors in making reflections on the various viewpoints provided by the theories to be discussed in this paper. There would be a misrepresentation of the field research carried out in the different areas that are involved in acquiring the second language. The article will make attempts that are geared towards identification of the set of principles with basis on the theories rendered on the researchers that are believed to provide a guideline used in designing language, curricula, and classroom for the students. While making proposals of the principles contained in the theories, the author of the literature review focuses on adopting a formulation that makes adoption of progressive stances.In accordance to research carried out in the acquisition of the second language, proficiency refers to advancement in a certain line of knowledge or skill. Considering this article, the term described above can largely mean the acquisition of the skill in linguistics or communication of English.In the field of linguistics, it is important to make an assessment in the development of students in the universities as they acquire the second language since it greatly enables them to share ideas through communication with various types of audiences. Accordi ng to suggestions made by researchers, writing in English is deemed to be a form of modality in languages that holds greater challenges for second language learners in comparison to speaking, reading and listening. Regarding the second language learners, writing is very essential. In international education and business writing and communication is regarded as a significant tool in the acquisition of the second language.According to Stenhouse, the principles provided are required to be viewed as provisional specifications which can be made operational with the best methods available in any learning environment in the various institutions and consequently need to be tried out by the students and the instructors particularly in the universities in their context. An examination of the theories used in the learning of the second language is prioritized in this literature review. In the teaching of any language, three main approaches are used in the acquisition of the second language and are divided into various sections. In the first part, important considerations on the pragmatic studies especially in the lecture halls are made TERRELL. Secondly, once given massive amounts of information from the various researches carried out in different institutions over a specified period of the last decades, the information provided is considered as selective since it has its focal point on the central claims made for the theories and studies carried out in the seminars. This section of this literature review gives a provision with its basis on the identification of an array of different principles that can be put into maximum utilization by the practitioners.Alternatively, an approach was developed in the United States according to Terrell; the oral situation plan saw its development with its basis on the structural syllabus. The mode of approach by this American linguistic is similar to the audiolingual approach promoted in this great nation as it is based on the structure d program (TERELL, 2002). Therefore, a specification of the formal linguistic structures that need to be taught in the universities. Irrespective of the resemblance seen in this theory, there exists a difference since this method makes emphasis on the meanings that are realized by the different available structures recognized. There is the existence of a set of textbooks that are used in teaching the second language today. The approach described in this section has been dominant in the United States where the teaching contexts have been influenced by the British. The approach has its basis in the behaviorists learning theory in its original form. In this method, the process of learning the second language resembles the other type of learning since it involves the formation of habits and behaviors. Formation of patterns happens when students learn the correct responses that make stimulation through repeating out the practices.By this theory, one is not required to give precise explan ations on the grammar points. According to andiron, the oral situational approach theory has drawn its implications in the theory that has its basis on the building of skills. The argument is based on making declarations on knowledge or being in consent or rather having known how or procedural knowledge. Once the language has been atomized in an individual, the learning process begins and becomes procedural knowledge with restructuring through the practices. According to DeKeyser, there is the existence of practices where language is required to be apprehended as a language that resembles the behavior or certain habits of students (DEKEYSER, 1998). The theory incorporates the opportunities of students to engage in various forms of activities and social events in the institution such as indoor and outdoor sporting activities, participation in events geared towards the promotion of the different cultures since students trace different origin that are characterized with a unique langua ge and cultural practices according to House. Such activities are geared towards making a strong emphasis that consequently forms significant meaning in the act of mapping and replicating all sort of conditions that can be put into active application and be used in the daily forms of communications.According to the skill- learning theory, there are specific types of explanations that are incorporated in the oral-situational approach as discussed in the opinions in the above sections according to Ferguson, (FERGUSON, 2006). The present practice procedure is the methodology applied in this method. In this theory, the current refers to the process of providing explicit information that entails details of the grammatical structure used in the language put into application by the instructors and the students. By this theory, the information about the grammar is directed towards declarative knowledge. Signed Usage of exercises that entail controlled the production of the structures that a re targeted in communication thus this is referred to as the produce. In addition to this, the performance that are designed to tasks engage the learners in the real-life habits and behaviors and thus is used in the completion of the automation process. The mode of approach applied in this theory is strongly figured in the handbooks that are popular since they are used in training the language instructors who offer their services in the higher institutions of learning. The theory makes the assumption that the interface position on the relationship that exists between the implicit knowledge of the second language and the particular section. At times, the oral-situational approach is referred to as communicative, but it's misleading since it cultivates its basis on the structural syllabus and the methodology used is accurate other than being fluent as considered by most individuals and some linguistics.English as a second language can be referred to as usage of the English language di fferent individuals with various native languages from different vicinities across the globe. The English language is recognized globally as an international language, and in the recent past, the language has become an avenue for linking individuals in different vicinities across the globe with international channels of communication that enable movement through the information highways. The teaching and learning processes involved has already taken place in the various institutions of learning such as the universities and colleges. With the global challenges being experienced, experts in the scientific field claim that the English language will have more attention on the national levels of education. The issue of teaching language is notably high especially in the universities with learners that have students with different mother tongue.Currently, there has been set up training institutions that are teaching English in various countries. The setup and m...

Racial Segregation And The Military During The Vietnam War...

Racial gang fights were all too common in the military during the Vietnam War Era. Initially, African Americans thought the military was a safe haven from the Ku Klux Klan, but soon discovered the KKK was a major source of racial violence within the military. â€Å"Groups of whites, wearing real or impromptu Klan robes, were reported on numerous military bases in the United States and overseas.† (Westheider 85) The Ku Klux Klan also has similar traditional practices such as burning the cross on military bases. â€Å"In May 1969, two white sailors at Cam Ranh Bay burned a twelve-foot-high cross in front of a predominantly black barrack.† (Westheider 85) These Klan practices escalated racial violence even more. Blacks were not accepting to the racial slang and practices of the Ku Klux Klan, which lead to many racial gang fights within barracks, bars, and food service lines at military camps. Much of the racial violence were fistfights between black and whites, which actua lly caused a lot of damage to the soldiers and any location where a fight took place. â€Å"Often these Klan-like activities seemed to occur with the tacit approval of those in command.† (Westheider 85) The Ku Klux Klan was obviously supported by the military, and is one major cause of racial friction and violence in the military. The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. caused racial tensions to escalate even more. â€Å"Many whites openly celebrated the murder.† (Westheider 97) â€Å"The feeling of anger and frustration did notShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1708 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican citizens in the Constitution. The key players in succeeding with the civil rights movement were the soldiers returning from the war, Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the anti-Vietnam War activists. During the civil rights movement, nearly every African American had experienced segregation at lunch stands. In a Journal by Melvin Small, she stated, â€Å"Just as with the segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama the African-AmericanRead MoreThe Nadir Of The American Century : The Vietnam Disaster1565 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Century: The Vietnam Disaster The Vietnam War commenced during a time of great social and political unrest in America. It came during the middle of the Cold War, a fierce worldwide battle between Eastern communism and Western democracy. There was already division going on in America at the time, with events like the â€Å"Red Scare† in Washington creating a growing fear of worldwide communism. The U.S. involvement in Vietnam began with Harry Truman aiding the French in an imperial war from 1946-1954Read MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War came at a time of great social and political unrest in America. It was right in the middle of the Cold War, a fierce worldwide battle between Eastern communism and Western democracy. There was already division going on in America at the time, with events like the red scare in Washington creating a growing fear of worldwide communism. The U.S. involvement in Vietnam began with Harry Truman aiding the French in an imperial war from 1946- 1954, which the French eventually lost to theRead MoreA History Of Race Relations1856 Words   |  8 Pagesserve in the Navy up to this very day. (Williams, 2001) Since the American Revolution though, they have suffered from bigotry, segregation and outright racism from their white counterparts as well. This research paper is going to give a brief history of racism that black sailors suffered from the American Revolution to World War 2; however, the main focus is on the Vietnam era because after that tumultuous time period, that’s when the Navy changed its course for the better when it came to race relationsRead MoreRepresentations Of Disability During The 20th Century1727 Words   |  7 PagesJames Colgrove 10/22/15 Representations of Disability in Military Veterans During the 20th Century At the end of the Civil War, Andrew Johnson alleged our nation s supposed investment in our veterans by claiming that â€Å" a grateful people will not hesitate to sanction any measures having for their relief of soldiers mutilated...in an effort to preserve our national existence.† Since then, our changing perception of disabled veterans of military service has affected the success and practice of theirRead MoreEssay about Ss310 Unit 2 Assignment - Cold War1015 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 2 Assignment – Cold War Tezra Lee Kaplan University The Cold War represents the disputes between the Soviet Union and the United States, and may be the most noteworthy political issue of the late 20th Century. The Cold War was a very political issue because it influenced foreign policies, impacted our economy, and even affected Presidential elections. The United States was worried that the Soviet Union would extend communism throughout Europe with its power and control over smaller andRead MoreAn Age Of Dramatic Social And Political Changes1164 Words   |  5 Pages Many events occurred during all the eras, but they all differ from each other in many ways. The 1920’s was an age of dramatic social and political changes. For the first time more Americans lived in cities instead of farms. Which eventually led to enormous cultural changes for women; as well as religious divisions. For example, this era is known as the sexual revolution, because of the historical change that occurred to the women. After earning their right to vot e with the nineteenth amendment inRead MoreWhat Caused The Rise Of Protesters Throughout The 1960s? Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1960s in the United States of America was an era of protests. Americans from the 1960s era experienced social changes that caused Americans to revolt of the Establishment of the 1950s. Racial discrimination, gender equality, and poverty are certain specific of the problems that Americans sought the need to identify of what caused the rise of protesters throughout the 1960s. The youth generation from the era â€Å"baby boomers† were the causes for the determination for the 1960s. The parents of theRead MoreHistory Of The Confederate Flag1455 Words   |  6 PagesFlag as a symbol of southern pride and heritage, many others see the flag as a dishonorable reminder of slavery and segregation in the south. Although this flag is under great controversy in the southern states, there is no reason why this flag should not be flown from government buil dings because it isn’t demoralizing African Americans in the symbolization of slavery, segregation and domination although it is used by many hate groups across the united states they too need a history lesson becauseRead More The Progressive Era Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesStates. The progressive era was a time in which Americans were innovating in social welfare. In the progressive period the government needed to take action in the role of economy, regulating big business, immigration, and urban growth. Once the great depression happened in which America’s economy faltered people started to panic. For Americans the main issues asked were how to make society work more efficiently. The great society era was a time of optimism after the post-world war II occurred. The creations

The Discovery Of A Human Mission Essay - 1206 Words

We have always been obsessed with finding life, finding resources, and exploration in general. The idea of a human mission to other planets has been around the science-fiction community, popular culture and in the imaginations of people for decades. It has manifested itself in art, cinematography and literature. Concepts have been thought of repeatedly on how this mission would be planned, funded, and executed. We are at a point in history where people are seriously planning the logistics of a human mission to another planet, and it will most likely be Mars. There is also the idea that by making life multi-planetary, it safeguards the existence of humanity in the event that something catastrophic were to happen. Lastly, history has shown that humans always had a drive to explore, experience and conquer new land. Being obsessed with finding life and resources in other planets is an extension of this idea. Our obsession with finding life and resources in other planets can firstly be explained through science fiction, popular culture, and in the imaginations of other people. The idea of life on other planets is shown through many ways in our current culture. Some examples include the movie, The Martian, where an astronaut is left to survive on his own on Mars; and super hero comic books, where characters are sometimes born from another planet. The idea is being considered through NASA’s â€Å"Space Exploration Initiative (SEI)† (Baker, Gwynne, Zubrin 1). The requirements areShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Space Travel And Exploration1468 Words   |  6 Pageslonger sustain the human race. Space travel and exploration is therefore significant because of the information we can gather from it. Throughout the history of space travel there have been two distinct classes of exploration: human and robotic. 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From ancient times, there have been discoveries made by Egyptians, Incas and many others who have used different tools to discover consolations and planet, which often symbolized gods. Trips were not made into space until the twentieth century, but as soon as they started, there was an explosion of discoveries. First man observed the moon through space stations, and then soon afterwards landed. Then it was Mars, but man isRead MorePossibility Of Life On Europa1568 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause missions for Europa have been funded in the past and there are scheduled missions for Europa in the future. In the history of Europan missions, there have been two missions: JIMO and the ESA’s. Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter was a mission proposed to orbit Jupiter’s moons. It was a concept almost brought to fruition; however, the funding for the program became cut from NASA’s budget. The European Space Agency (ESA) had intent to collaborate with NASA in order to formulate a mission for Jupiter’sRead MoreThe Space Of Space Travel970 Words   |  4 Pageseither by a spacecraft that contains human inside it or just a controllable spacecraft so engineers or whoever works in the earth station can control this spacecraft. We do space travel because we want to discover more about the universe like how it started and where did our planet come from and if we are by our own or there are other creatures living somewhere else in the universe. Background Space exploration became part of human accomplishments after the discoveries and theoretical that been discoveredRead MoreUnmanned Missions For Future Manned Missions844 Words   |  4 Pages Unmanned Missions to Mars Pave the Way for Future Manned Missions Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. History a. Cost b. Goals and Objectives III. Life on Mars a. Instrumentation i. Cameras 1. Mast Camera (Mastcam) 2. Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) 3. Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) ii. Spectrometers 1. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) 2. Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) 3. Chemistry and Mineralogy X-Ray Diffraction/X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument (CheMin) iii. Radiation DetectorsRead MoreCritical Thinking Questions1284 Words   |  5 Pagesthink critically and creative in similar situations. On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Discovery disintegrated on re-entry to the earths atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts. In retrospect, the disaster could have been prevented rather easily by a relatively simple procedure that was implemented on all subsequent shuttle missions (Burke, 2011). With better critical thinking and creativity, NASA Mission Control could have ordered the Shuttle commander Rick Husband to proceed to the InternationalRead MoreHuman Vs Robotic Space Exploration1210 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2017 Human Vs Robotic Space Exploration In Support of: Sending Exclusively Robotic Missions Space exploration is devoted to seeking out the unknowns of the universe. Manned and robotic missions alike have contributed priceless knowledge of our planet’s surroundings and beyond. However, with the current geopolitical climate, funding, and other practicalities, it is not reasonable for the exploration of space to be done exclusively by humans. To put it simply, human space flight isRead MoreNas The Water Cycle And The Climate Impact On Humans1064 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever imagined seeing inside a hurricane? Would you like to be able to predict the water cycle and the climate impact on humans? NASA has made these opportunities possible through decades of hard work. NASA has developed rockets, Mars rovers, and earth observing satellites. Their main objective, to serve the American public, will improve the quality of life on planet Earth, which in turn will strengthen the American Economy. Encouraging economic activity creates jobs and helps generate tangibleRead MoreThe Doomed Battle Of Mankind Vs. Science1093 Words   |  5 PagesScience One thing that distinctly separates humans from other species is that man has the ability to challenge its intellectual curiosity effectively. Europa Report is a science fiction thriller about a doomed trip to Jupiter’s fourth largest moon Europa. Respectable scientists risk it all for the advancements that will be made it the name of science. Europa Report, released in 2013 by Magnolia Picture came into production after the November 2011 discovery of water under the ice surface of Europa.

Romanticism Martin Heade And The Hudson River School

Martin Heade and Alexis Rockman have both created works that display their interest in science and reflect their extensive talent. Martin Heade included his ideas in his Hummingbird related painting series, while Rockman uses his works to declare his environmental messages. Additionally, both men have been innovative, revolutionary, and sometimes controversial with their subjects and techniques. Martin Heade was born in 1819 in Lumberville, Pennsylvania, so first and foremost it is important to recognize that he was an American painter. Around 1857, when he was 36, Heade became interested in landscape painting and afterwards, moved to New York City and took a studio in a building that housed many of the famous Hudson River School†¦show more content†¦Heade was familiar with Charles Darwin’s research and The Origin of Species was published in 1859, while his Hummingbird collection was painted from 1875-1885. Not only was it likely that Heade was well familiar with Dar win’s theories, there is evidence showing he believed those theories. In the Hummingbird Series paintings, he included many allusions referring to Darwin. For example, in one of the works, Orchid with Two Hummingbirds, the orchid is highlighted because the orchid was the tool that at one point Charles Darwin had used to explain evolution. Darwin astonished the world by describing the orchid not as one of God’s perfect creations, but as â€Å"part of a family of plants exhibiting ingenious devices that had been modified over time to ensure cross-fertilization.† (Reynolda House Museum of American Art) The hummingbirds, thus, play a critical role for the flower by scattering its pollen. In addition to their scientific emphasis, these painting are filled with sexual associations, making them a controversial subject for Victorian audiences. This was a rejection of divine creation, and a support piece of natural selection. (Reynolda House Museum of American Art) Darwi n’s ideas were seen in culture as so drastically different from all his predecessors. They were unheard of, and revolutionary. Because of their unorthodox quality, individuals and people groups did not know how to respond

Civil Disobedience And Its Effect On Society - 998 Words

Many people act differently to certain situations. Violence is usually used to express feelings. Violence should not be the only way to solve things. It’s not only dangerous but unnecessary also. Not all circumstances are violent though. Civil disobedience is a nonviolent way to expression your opinion towards something. People practice civil disobedience all the time. A friendly protest is a good example of civil disobedience. The Salt March, led by Mohandas Gandhi in 1930, was one of the first acts of civil disobedience in the 20th century. Violence was not the motive of the protest at all. The protest was for Indian independence from Britain. The people were tired of Britain’s reign of terror. No one could predict the affect it would have on the country in the near future. The non-violent protest served many purposes and got the message across. At the time, 1930, the Indian National Congress had just adopted Satyagraha, non-violent protest, as their main tactic for i ndependence. India was under the control of the British and wanted freedom. This was the start of a new beginning or India and its people. Many people had the same thoughts but never acted on it. The idea quickly spread over India. Soon Indians from all over the country we joining in. The large number of people helped the protest greatly. The Indians were determined to make a change at any cost. The country was trying to regain its independence in a reasonable manner. With hope in their hearts and persistenceShow MoreRelatedThe Article Hacking As Politically Motivated Digital Civil Disobedience1179 Words   |  5 PagesDigital Civil Disobedience: Is Hacktivism Morally Justified? by Kenneth Einar Himma, She argues that the as an electronic civil disobedience, hacktivism is morally impermissible. Kenneth claims that the acts of civil disobedience is not always morally permissible because the nature of it is disobeying the state of the law and it is more expressive than the right to free speech. Then she discusses the framework to evaluate acts of civil disobedience in both sides of favoring and against the civil disobedienceRead MoreThe Roots Of Transcendentalism And The United States1481 Words   |  6 Pages While we go on with our daily lives, we often forget that our society has been built upon many years of history to become where it is currently; however, learning about the past, such as a historical era, may allow us to understand why our society is like the way today. As the United States grew quickly as a young nation, some people realized there were consequences to it. These people believed we were losing our intimate relationship with nature, thought people were too absorbed into changingRead MoreWhat Makes A Breach Of Law An Act Of Civil Disobedience?1383 Words   |  6 Pagesact of civil disobedience? When is civil disobedience morally justified?† These are the basic questions that are asked when dealing with civil disobedience. According to John Rawls, civil disobedience is a nonviolent breach of laws by the public in order to reform or change laws or government policies. But Rawls’ concept of civil disobedience is too narrow. This raises many questions. Why should civil disobedience be non-violent? Why does the public play a large role in civil disobedience? This paperRead MoreMethods Of Civil Disobedience Of Antigone And Martin Luther King1038 Words   |  5 Pages Civil disobedience is best defined as the act to peacefully protest actions that may seem unlawful, detrimental to society, or morally wrong. Both Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr. express civil disobedience in similar ways, but differ in that Dr. King utilizes his first amendment right and creates more planned, organized, and methodical ways to create a peaceful protest in which he does not defy the law, meanwhile, Antigone is very irrational in her methods and ultimately defies man’s law. WeRead MoreEssay about Civil Disobedience935 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts of justice and how a society should be governed have dominated literature through out human history. The concept of peacefully resisting laws set by a governing force can be first be depicted in the world of the Ancient Greeks in the works of Sophocles and actions of Socrates. This popular idea has developed over the centuries and is commonly known today as civil disobedience. Due to the works of Henry David Thore au and Martin Luther King Jr. civil disobedience is a well-known political actionRead MoreEssay on Civil Disobedience1532 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Civil disobedience is the term assigned to actions taken by individuals to sway public opinion about laws that individuals deem unfair or unjust. Actions taken are usually nonviolent, and can include sit-ins, mass demonstrations, picket lines, and marches. Citizens are acting on their consciences, demonstrating highly advanced moral reasoning skills. Generally, these advanced skills fall into Kohlberg’s Six Stages of Moral Development, Stage Five and Six in particular. Characteristics ofRead MoreThe Need For Civil Disobedience Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciples, which helps to develop to better society. According to Thoreau’s society should show their civil disobedience for any unjust of government. Thoreau came to conclusion that person should obey conscience rather than law in order to defend the justice and moral principles, which are the cornerstones of each individual conscience, from the unjust government policy. Therefore, in compliance to Thoreau’s view, true honor is derived from civil disobedience, according to the reasons of own conscienceRead MoreCivil Disobedience: Cost of Change1469 Words   |  6 Pages2013 Civil Disobedience: The cost of change More than 40,000 strong activists from the Sierra Club protested at the White House to reject the Keystone XL Pipeline proposal. They protested because they the extraction of tar sand oil and moving it from Canada to Texas will pollute the groundwater in the surface (Hammel). Civil disobedience is â€Å"the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power† (Civil Disobedience). ThroughoutRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Dr. Martin Luther King1657 Words   |  7 PagesThere have been many people that have partaken in the act of not following, or breaking a law that they personally have deemed unjust throughout history, or taken part in civil disobedience . Socrates as well as Dr. Martin Luther King have done this. But the question of whether or not we should be required to follow a law that one personally believes is unjust is very hard to answer. Nevertheless, I believe that we should in fact be able to disobey a law and or a decision that we consider to be unjustRead MorePersuasive Essay On Civil Disobedience819 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever heard of civil disobedience? It is a way of peaceful protest that has been used successfully in the past and in the present. Walkouts, boycotts, and marches are all forms of civil disobedience that have been used and are currently being used. During past four years, there have been womens rights marches, pro-choice marches, and kneeling during the national anthem. These are people that are actively trying to create a fair society themselves and for the people around them. As the real

Health Education Reduction Of Teenage Pregnancy - 1647 Words

HEALTH EDUCATION REDUCTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (2010-2015) Introduction Teenage pregnancy (known as under-18 conception) negatively affects the health and wellbeing of both the young mothers and their children. Early parenthood is prone to the risk of postnatal depression, poor health (including mental health), social exclusion and by the age of thirty (30) there are more likely to live in poverty, have limited education, career and economic prospect. There is high risk of infant mortality and poverty living of children given birth to by teenage mothers. Teenage pregnancy is classified as the updated record of pregnancy (both the ones delivered and terminated) that occurs before the mother is eighteen (18) years of age. With the goals and objectives of the United Kingdom (UK) Governments to reduce teenage pregnancy, it still remains incredibly high. One of the objectives that was put in place was to improve the standard of living (that is, life chances) of these teenage mothers by ensuring they are educated. The statistics of under 18 conceptions is used to watch and record the trends of pregnancy by teenagers. This statistic is estimated as the number of conceptions in girls that are under 18 years of age divided by the population of females that are aged 15-17 and this is presented by per 1,000 girls. Health education is used widely to reduce the rate of teenage pregnancy as well as given effective knowledge to young people with regards sex andShow MoreRelatedReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 Pageshelp in reducing and preventing of teen pregnancy. The organization is called The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. She is influential because she has served on many advisory boards which promote the values and policies towards the prevention of teen pregnancy ADDIN EN.CITE The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy201197(The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2011a)979712The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy,Sarah Brown20111776 Massachusetts AvenueTheRead MoreEssay on British Pregnancy and Condoms799 Words   |  4 Pages The number of pregnancies across England and Wales, conceptions compared with 896,466 in 2009. An increase of this group with the exception of women aged under twenty. The teenage pregnancy rate in England and Wales has reached its lowest level since 1969,men and women of these countries hold a similar opinion, â€Å" Family may also be valued more highly during to be out of work, they may have more time to spend on a child due to financial concerns cause by recession.† According to most of BritainRead MoreThe Success Of The Teen Pregnancies1486 Words   |  6 Pages The Success of an Integrated Approach in the Prevention of Repeat Teen Pregnancies Suzan A. Dede Eastern Michigan University The Success of an Integrated Approach in the Prevention of Repeat Teen Pregnancies Teen mothers are at an increased risk for having subsequent births due to multidimensional and complex needs. These risks contain complex social and economic aspects and public health issues. These mothers appear to have a recurring theme associated with â€Å"poorer medical, educationalRead MoreTeen Pregnancy, Do We Really Know The Facts?1169 Words   |  5 PagesTeen pregnancy, do we really know the facts? Do we even know the common early signs of early pregnancy? Teenagers tend to close themselves off when they find out they are pregnant. Teenagers can not predict what life will be like with a new baby. They will go through several different emotions, exhaustion, and peer pressure-related stress. Teenage mothers are more likely to have lower school achievement and often drop out of school and develop health problems and also face unemployment as youngRead MoreBirth Control Access to Teens1463 Words   |  6 PagesFormal Outline Topic: Birth control access to teenage girls Thesis statement: Although teenage girls are prohibited from purchasing birth control, laws should be implemented to allow access to birth control as a means of managing safer sex, preventing the health risks and guarding them from the cycle of poverty. 1. Reasons for not allowing birth control to be given to teenagers A. It encourages sexual activity (Sex with many partners -promiscuity) B. Abstinence should be promoted Read MoreEssay about Sample Research Proposal on Teenage Pregnancy1172 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sample Research Proposal on Teenage Pregnancy    Introduction This research proposal implies on teenage pregnancy and its effect on academic progression. There will be association between teenage pregnancy and academic progression places evidence that education should put weight on reality adhering to teenage pregnancy. Understanding teenage pregnancy within UK context is adamant to the purpose of study. Thus, the expectation that teenage pregnancy will be reduced by proper academic programsRead MoreThe Issue of Teen Pregnancy1458 Words   |  6 PagesTeen pregnancy The issue of teen pregnancy is a fact that can no longer be overlooked in terms of its magnitude in the society today. Despite the widespread sex education and peer counseling and guidance, there still is a wide prevalence of teen pregnancy, a challenge that does not only affect the teenagers but the society at large. Effects of teen pregnancy The aspect of teen pregnancy is one of the most challenging situations to be in as a young person as it could interrupt flow of schoolRead MoreThe Dangers Of Adolescent Pregnancy1453 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent pregnancy occurs between the ages of 15-19 (as defined by the World Health Organisation) (Adolescent Pregnancy., 2014) and most commonly occurs in developing countries (Such as sub-Saharan Africa [Teen pregnancy statistics, 2016]). As many of the pregnancies happening are to young girls from under-developed countries, they are often unable to afford the necessary healthcare that most developed countries could provide expectant mothers. Due to the fact that under-developed countries haveRead MoreThe Popularity Of Teen Pregnancy1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe popularity of teen’s pregnancy worldwide has become a major concern in recent years. It is viewed as a global crisis as the increasing number of teenage girls bearing children outside of marriage or before graduating high school continue to rise. There are many reasons to scale down the teen pregnancy rate, and the financial costs of teens giving birth are important. After highly dropping for almost a decade-and-a-half, United States’ teen birth rate percentages began edging skyward in recentRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essay examples1012 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage Pregnancy, Why is this Important Kimberly O. Johnson American Sentinel University Nursing 505: Theoretical Foundations Dr. Ami Bhatt December 30,2012 Teenage Pregnancy: Why is this Important Teen pregnancy is a critical public health issue that affects the health and educational, social and economic future of the mother and child. Teen pregnancy is also a significant factor in numerous other important social issues: welfare dependency, out-of-wedlock births

The Stranger Essay Research Paper January 11 free essay sample

The Stranger Essay, Research Paper January 11, 1979-k In the Stranger, Albert Camus portrays Mersault, the books character, asaloof, detached, and unemotional. Hedoes non believe much about events or their effects, nordoes he express much feeling in relationships or during emotional times. He displays animpassiveness throught the book in his reactions to the people and events described in the book.After his female parents # 8217 ; decease he sheds no cryings ; seems to demo no emotions. He displays limited feelingsfor his girlfriend, marie cardona, and shows no compunction at all for killing an Arab. His reactions to lifeand to people distance him from his emotions, positive or negative, and from intimate relationshipswith others, therefore he is called thge books # 8217 ; rubric, # 8220 ; The Stranger # 8221 ; . While this behaviour can be seen as anegative trait, there is a immature adult female who seems to desire to hold a relationship with Mersault anda neighbour who wants friendly relationship. He seems cont ent to be apathetic, perchance protected from painby his indifference. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger Essay Research Paper January 11 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mersault seldom shows any feeling when in state of affairss which would, for mostpeople, elicit strong emotions. throughout the vigil, watching over his female parent # 8217 ; s dead organic structure, and ather funeral, henever calls. He is, farther, depicted basking a cup of java with milk during the vigil, and holding a fume with a caretaker at the nursing place in which his female parent died. The followingday, after his female parent # 8217 ; s funeral, he goes to the beach and meets a former co-worker named MarieCardona. They swim, go to a film, and so spent the dark together, Subsequently in their relationship, Marie asks Mersault if he wants to get married her. He responds that it doesn # 8217 ; t affair to him, and if shewants to acquire married, he would hold. She so asks him if he loves her. To that inquiry heresponds that he likely doesn # 8217 ; t, and explains that matrimony truly isn # 8217 ; Ts such a serious thing anddoesn # 8217 ; t necessitate love. This rea ction is reasonably typical of Me rsault as portrayed in the book. He appears to be insouciant and apathetic about life events. Nothing seems to be really important to him. Subsequently onin the book, after hour angle kills the Arab, non one time does he demo ant compunction or guilt for what he did. Didhe truly experience nil? Camus seems to bespeak that Mersault is about unmindful and totallyunruffled and untoched by events and people arond him. He is unwilling to lie, during his test, aboutkilling the Arab. his reluctance to acquire involved in supporting himself consequences in a finding of fact of decease byguillotine. Had Mersault # 8217 ; s been engaged in his defence, explicating his actions, he might hold beenset free. Mersault # 8217 ; s unresponsive behaviour, distant from any evident emotions, is probablyreinforced by the desperation which he sees unfastened and feeling persons experience. He observes, foeexample, Raymond cheated on and hurt by a girlfriend, and sees his other neighbour, Salamono, really depressed when he loses a beloved comrade, his Canis familiaris. Mersault # 8217 ; s responses are really differenthe doesn # 8217 ; t acquire depressed at decease nor does he acquire emotionally involved. Heappears to be totallyapathetic. therefore, he seems to fel no hurting and is protected from life # 8217 ; s dissapointment. Sometimes aperson like Mersault can be appealing to others beause he is so non-judgemental and noncritical, likely a consequence of indifference instead than symoathetic feelings.His limited involvment might attractsome people because an terminal consequence of his distance is kind of credence of others, therefore he is non athreat to their self-importances. Raymond Sintes, a neighbour who is a procurer, seems to experience comfy withMersault. Sintes does non hold to warrant himself because Mersault does non notice on how Sintesmakes money or how he chooses to populate his life. Even though Mersault shows no strong emotion ordeep fondness, Marie, his girlfriend, is still attracted and intersente d in him. She is cognizant of, possiblyeven fascinated by, his indifference.

We are never getting back together by Taylor Swift free essay sample

Country pop star, Taylor Swift, has a new hit release of 2012. â€Å"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together† from her album, â€Å"Red†, is stuck in all teenager’s heads.This break up song is a fairly new melody to most of her fans. Swift’s song has a very â€Å"bouncy† tempo that most people will enjoy. It is a very â€Å"anti-boy† song, this is why especially teenage girls are claiming it as their favorite song! â€Å"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together† is ranked position 5 on HOT100 Billboard charts. â€Å"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together† will always put you in the singing mood. Swift has a very good connection with young love and break-ups. She really knows how to make you want to express your emotions. Her new lead single is exactly what it says. It is about her wanting to avoid her ex boyfriend after a relationship because they are â€Å"Never ever ever getting back together. We will write a custom essay sample on We are never getting back together by Taylor Swift or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † If you ever hear â€Å"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together† by Taylor Swift, I will guarantee you that you will find yourself humming it throughout the day. It’s impossible not to have the catchy new song stuck in your head!

How to Use the Best Sample Essay

How to Use the Best Sample EssayThe best sample essay is unique in the fact that it is developed to be an easy way to write a good essay. It consists of questions and answers. These questions are used to help the student get ready for his or her finals. The essay, just like the work you will write during your essays, will reflect what you have done throughout the semester.The best part about the best is that it is completely interactive and easy to use. After you have filled in the questionnaires, you will then have the opportunity to submit your responses. The answers are then displayed, giving you the chance to answer as many questions as you want.Once you are done, you will be able to see how you scored against your classmates. This will be great because it will show what you are capable of. If you score higher than your classmates, you will be more prepared for your exams.While using the best, you will find that this method is easy and fun. All you have to do is type in some info rmation and enter some passwords and the software will take care of the rest. There is no need to worry about typing long words or remembering complicated grammar rules.If you are one of those students who does not have a lot of time to spend on assignments, this method of writing will help you score high on your exams. You can get instant feedback on your essays. This is very important in the course of any semester when you are grading.Another benefit is that it will make your essay stand out. Everyone loves a good essay. Therefore, the better the essay, the more likely you will get more points for it.If you are wondering how you can apply the best sample essay to your semester, it is highly recommended that you give it a try. Take some time and learn more about the article writing software before the final exam.

Appreciation Is Key free essay sample

The evening prayer ended, murmurs fading as I picked up my fork and knife. It was a late night in June, and my family and I were digging into some roasted chicken. Eating together every night was a common tradition of ours. As usual, I did not talk much- only pausing to nod as my parents asked me about if I had a good day at school. It was at this time in my life where I prefered to focus on my friendships, barely acknowledging my family.My daily routine consisted of school, homework, dinner, and â€Å"me time†. Even on the weekends, I regularly hung out with my friends, leaving my family to be with them instead. My parents claimed my attitude towards our family was unacceptable, and such exchanges often resulted in blow-out fights. Phrases like â€Å"taken for granted†, â€Å"never communicate†, and â€Å"barely a family member† were commonly used. Fight after fight, lecture after lecture, one would expect me to learn my lesson. We will write a custom essay sample on Appreciation Is Key or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How many more times was I going to be grounded until I surrendered? I sat at the table silently, having finished my dinner. My parents glanced at me, saying: â€Å"Appreciate the things you have now, you never know when you will lose them†. I was the middle child, and had two brothers.I knew the phrase was directed towards me, even though they were pretending it was not. This was not the first time they had uttered this expression; in two months, my older brother Stefan would be leaving for college. Perhaps they believed that the redundancy of this quote would jolt my senses, and help me show an ounce of discomfort towards my changing family. After receiving the news that Stefan would be attending Georgetown University, my mom and dad breathed a sigh of relief; one down, two more children to go. While my family was happy, there was sadness evident in their attitude. Stefan had been my younger brother Gustav’s best friend through the years, and his departure to college would no doubt be miserable. My parents were both suffering from â€Å"Empty Nest Syndrome†. I, on the other hand, to put it nicely- did not really care. Stefan and I had never been close- having different interests, schools, friends, and lifestyle. I rarely communicated with him, only when it was through text and to ask him for a ride. The only bond that every really connected us was through blood, and without it- our relationship did not amount to much. Swiftly, the two months arrived, and we drove to Washington to drop Stefan off. I remember this moment so clearly, talking in the dining hall with my family and eating our last lunch together for a long time. My mom was conversing with Stefan, asking him if there was anything else they needed to do. I could tell that my parents wanted any excuse not to leave, and it was at this moment that I rememberedtheir quote from dinner two months before. â€Å"Appreciate the things you have now, you never know when you will lose them†. As Stefan turned the corner, hand raised in a silent goodbye- I realized the true meaning of the quote to me. On the drive home, I felt emptiness. Yes, Stefan was gone. But it was the lack of action I took to grow our relationship that affected me the most. Instead of focusing on what was going, I should have appreciated what was still present and took advantage of my power to hold onto it. Despite the unpleasant experience, there was a silver lining. Though it took a while, I learned the importance of appreciating and valuing relationships and have improved. During dinner I make an effort to converse, talking with my younger brother even if it is just to ask what he ate for lunch today. I now know from experience that the preservation of relationships is significant, and appreciating them is so important.

Think Personal Development is Optional Think Again

Think Personal Development is Optional Think Again Many of my blog articles are about topics that might fall under â€Å"personal development.† These articles are often my favorites to write, and yet there’s sometimes a voice in my head saying, â€Å"Brenda, your readers want to read about something practical! Don’t go overboard here or get too â€Å"woo-woo.† An article I read today gave me encouragement to keep writing these â€Å"self-growth† or â€Å"personal development† articles. August Turak, author of Business Secrets of the Trappist Monks, wrote a piece for Forbes that spoke to me strongly. In it, he lamented that the business world and much of society compartmentalizes personal growth as if it’s something we do on the side to get somewhere or get business results- including becoming a better leader. On the contrary! Turuk argues vehemently that the essence of leadership is to use every opportunity as a means for personal growth. Become a CEO to grow yourself rather than growing yourself so you can get that CEO position. Focus on your higher mission or spiritual development- and success in other aspects of life will be a natural by-product. He asserts, â€Å"The reason you were born is to become the best human being you can possibly be.† So make personal development your mission, rather than using it as a â€Å"means to a more limited end.† Turak holds up the example of Fyodor Dostoevsky, who wrote some of the world’s most classic Russian novels. Said Dostoevsky, â€Å"Man is a mystery. If you spend your entire life trying to puzzle it out do not say that you’ve wasted your time. I occupy myself with this mystery because I want to be a man.† I personally must cop to doing personal growth trainings in part so I will succeed in business, in relationships, in my health, and in every aspect of my life. I have also done what Turak advocates so strongly: taken on new ventures and new relationships with the intention of having those challenges contribute to my growth. Even within my personal development circles, such as my learning group with the Wright training I’m in right now, I take risks and stretch myself in every way I can. That is the fastest path to growth and to being a fully realized human being. This journey is never over, and the puzzle will never be solved. That’s what makes it so worthwhile, regardless of whether I become as successful in business as the Trappist monks. I, for one, intend to keep exploring the mystery. Category:For ClientsBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 20, 2014

New Policy Statements- HIPAA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Policy Statements- HIPAA - Assignment Example ompletely secured and information were accessed and misused from the computers without having the need to operate the computer physically from which the data was supposed to be accessed. Developments in technology were making the business operations and way of working easier whereas, at the same time those developments assisted in manipulating ways and misusing the information for one’s own benefit (Pesante, 2008). The organization or company whose policies regarding information security need to be reviewed is in the business of insurance and deals with health insurance. The review is proposed in order to make certain that it fulfills the regulatory obligations and meet up to the obligations of the associated standards as well as regulations. The company comes under the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) according to which any information regarding health requires to be protected. Taking into account the federal standards, patients should be capable of accessing information in relation to their respective medical records (HIPAA, 2007). Based on the nature of business operations, the company complies with the guidelines of HIPAA, HITECH, GLBA and PCI-DSS. In spite of abiding by all the relevant regulations, the policy regarding accessing information by a fresh user and the prerequisite for passwords are becoming a grave concern for the supervisor of the company. Although the present policy of the company ensures high level of security but still it should structure a new policy. According to the new policy the request to access information by the new user along with the personal details and signature would be initially taken down. According to the policy, access would be provided only to the particular information or area specifically requested by the new user. There should be a time limit mentioned in the policy for accessing information by a new user and once the limit is over, the access should be automatically denied by the

The US and Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The US and Economic Development - Essay Example According to Nye (2004.p1) â€Å"power is the ability to influence the behavior of others to get the outcomes one wants†. The concept of soft power has its origin in the late 1980s by Joseph Nye Jr. Soft power is defined as the ability to attract and persuade others thereby shaping their preferences and making them do what you want. Hard power is the ability to make others what you want through inducement (Nye, 1990). On the one hand, it is argued that in many cases soft power works rather than hard power since it helps to get the desired outcomes without threats or force (Nye, 2004). Rather, it makes others do what we want through co-opting them.On the other hand, critics argue that imitation or attraction does not always necessarily lead to desirable outcomes(Cooper,2004).Four different definitions of power are given by Barrett et al(2001).These are the power inherent in an individual itself, ability to make others do what one wants, ability to control the contexts of people ’s interaction and structural power. In general, power can hence be defined as a kind of ability to influence or control others to make them what we want based on all these definitions. This influence is obtained either through inducement, which is defined as hard power or through attracting others or shaping others preferences, which is defined as soft power. Hard power is often associated with military and economic strength while soft power is associated with the attractiveness of culture, institutions and information technologies (Windsor, 2000).6. Though economic strength is associated to hard power, it can be argued that economic wealth can also be used to attract others to get desired outcomes. Hence, it can be linked to soft power too. According to one viewpoint, only hard power gives US the powerful status (Cooper,2004)7 while the other viewpoint gives equal credit to soft power, which has worked well there (Fukuyama,2007)8. Moreover, the soft power index developed by Chicago Council obtains the soft power in US as high (USAPC Washington Report, 2008)9. The next sections critically evaluate this issue for US by examining the various dimensions of soft power in US

Fresh Water Distillate Pump

Fresh Water Distillate Pump INTRODUCTION . There was MOD vessel on the port and this vessel required a fresh water for the 50 crew on the ship. So i have to make a system to produce fresh water on that ship. But the problem is that the ship is at port and there is lot of waste present in the port sea water such as organic waste which contain mainly garbage ,untreated sewage which can discharge directly or indirectly in the sea.treaces of heavy metals also present mercury,cadmium,,chromium these heavy metals are dangerous to health and also to the environment.heavy metals such as zinc and lead may causes corrosion .beside of these there was sone anthropogenic source of waste present which are listed below. Mining effluents Domestic effluents Industrial effluents Shipping activities including those of motorised boats and canoes. Fertilizers pesticides Atmospheric sources such as gas flaring, incineration of domestic waste manly garbage. Petroleum industries activities. According to uk water regulation the perctange of some heavy metals must be at certain level CALCULATION Before choosing any generator I have to calculate the water which fulfil the requirement of 50 persons. In a ship one person can MAXIUM 600 to 800 litres per day. A person can use the fresh water for washing clothes, washing utensils, wash room, drinking, cooking, bathing, and etc. If we calculate the fresh water for the 50 persons isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦! 800*50= 40000 litres per day so i have to chose a system which is capable for the production of minim 40000 liter per day TYPES OF FREH WATER GENERATOR in an efficient engine, only about half of the heat in the fuel is converted into useful work some of the Heat energy is lost in the cooling systems and exhaust gas. but some of the heat lost is recovered . the Modern highly pressure charged engines have a large amount of energy in scavenge air cooling wateer and this can be provide as the source of heating to the bunkering .an other source of heat is jacket water cooling and it also contain considerable amount of heat and this heat can be recovered in the fresh water evaporator system which operate at the pressure giving a corresponding saturation temperature fo water lower the the jacket water entering in to the heating medium .gasses dissolved when water is heated to its saturation temperature. There are two methods for generating fresh water, 1.Reverse Osmosis 2. distillation. is generally used were large quantities of relatively low quality water is required. Typical examples of water produced are; Treatment Total Hardness Calcium Hardness Silica Sodium Chloride TDS Sea Water 250 200 14 15000 15000 Evaporator Reverse Osmosis 20 5 After Demineraliser 0 Trace . Distillation The most commonly use freshwater generation is evaporative distillation, which uses engine jacket cooling water or steam heat from exhaust or gas fired boilers to evaporate sea water, which is then condensed into fresh water. Evaporation distillers comes in two main forms, 1.multistage flash 2 multi effect evaporators. Simple single effect evaporator The system above shows an evaporator typically heated by Main Engine Jacket water with means to supply steam when the engine is shut down Single and multi stage tube distillation was one of the early types of fresh water generation. It uses heat passing through submerged coils or tube bundles immersed in sea water to produce the distillate, which when condensed becomes the fresh water. Single Stage Flash Evaporator flash evapourator it consist of two parts 1.condensor 2.evaporator generally the heating method used is main engine heat or by heating oil usually the water boils at 100 degree. But in the freshwater generator the water inside the system usually boiled at 60 to 70 degree. By using ejector or edecutor.basically an alternative arrangement to the shell evaporator is the flash evaporator were heating takes place externally, the hot brine enters the low pressure chamber into a weir where some of the water flashes off. Water overflowing the weir is either out or passed on to a second stage. Multi stage units with each stage maintained at a lower pressure allow improved efficiency and high outputs. to check the percentage of salt salinoemetre is used. its is important to use salinometere because if the percentage of salt in water became high then it can detect it and raised the alarm Multi Stage Flash Evaporator flash flow diagramr in this process we use two evaporation stages in order to get a better typical multi stage flash system is based upon preheating of a pressurised sea water stream, or more typically a recycle brine stream to which the feed sea water is added the stream is heated in the heat input section brine heater. Double stage FWG is similar to the single stage FWG, the only difference being that the whole single stage process is repeated twice in 2-stage generator From here the recycle stream is passed into the first stage of a series of flash chambers. Here the pressure is released, permitting a portion of the brine stream to flash to form salt-free vapour which is condensed to give the fresh water. In condensing the vapour gives off its latent heat to the recycle brine stream. From the first stage the flashing brine stream is passed to the second stage which is kept at a slightly lower pressure more vapour flashes off. In the same way the flashing brine stream passes to the next stage and so o n through the plant with a portion of the vapour flashing off at each stage. A heat balance shows that the heat supplied in the brine heater has to be rejected. This is done in the last two stages of the plant which are cooled by a sea water stream which subsequently passes to waste. Modern Developments. Large Multi-effect Alfa laval evaporator In 1990 Alfa-Laval Desalt introduced its D-TU concept-a ME desalination system based on tube type distillers, by using the evaporation under vacuum with the rising film principle. This is thath means the inner surfaces of the tube are always covered with a then film of the feed water . heating medium is circulates on the outside of the tubes in the heat exchangerss.and The vacuum is created by water ejectors connected to each effects. A controlled amount of sea water is led to the bottom of each of the effect. where it is mixes with the brine from the previous effect and into the tubes in the heat exchanger, where it is heated. The generated vapours enter a separator where the brine droplets from the wet vapour are separated. The dry vapour pass through the separator to the following effect where they condense. The remaining sea water which has been converted to brine, flows to the next effect as feed water. The brine is taken out and discharged overboard. The latent heat in the vapo urs from the previous effect is used as a heating medium in the following effects. The process continues until the last effect where the generated vapours condense cooled by sea water. The condensate vapours flow from one effect to the next, and are retained in a collecting tank as distilled water. If a low temperature evaporator is to be used for domestic purposes certain restrictions apply. Operation is not allowed within 25 miles of the coast or 50 miles of an estuary. Chromate jacket water treatment must never be used. The condensate must be treated in order to destroy bacteria. Care must be taken if chemicals are used to inhibit marine growth in pipe work. Vapour Compression The boiler section is initially filled with fresh water. When the system is operating feed water is supplied via the level control valve. Hot steam is created in the boiler which passes over into the main section. Here the steam is mixed with a brine spray. Some of the steam is condensed and some of the brine spray is flashed off. The combined steam passes over to the vapour section via a scrubber. Flow of vapour occurs due to the action of the compressor which increases the vapour pressure increaseing its saturation temperature. Reverse Osmosis Osmosis describes the process whereby a fluid will pass from a more dense to a less dense solution through a semi-permeable membrane. It is very important to the water absorption processes of plants. RO is a process which uses a semi permeable membrane which retains both salt and impurities from sea water while allowing water molecules to pass. Filtration of up to 90% is possible thus making the produced water unsuitable for boiler feed without further conditioning. Improved quality is possible using a two or more pass system. diagram showing osmotic headThe parchment paper acts as the semi-permeable membrane and allows the water molecules to pass but not the larger salt molecules. Reverse osmosis is the process whereby a pressure greater than the osmotic head pressure is applied to a solution of high density. Fluid is forced from the high density side to the less dense side. For desalination plants the pressure is applied to sea water and the water is forced through the semi-permeable membrane. The semi permeable membrane which is typically made of polyamide membrane sheets wrapped in a spiral form around a perforated tube resembling a loosely wound toilet roll. Design of the cartridges is therefore such that the sea water feed passes over the membrane sheets so that the washing action keeps the surfaces clear of deposits. A dosing chemical is also injected to assist the action. Make up of membrane The two membranes sealed on the outer three edges, enclose porous under-layer through which the permeate spirals to central collecting tube Schematic of RO plant Pressurised feed water passes lengthways through the tubular spiral wound membrane element. Freshwater permeate travels through the membrane layers as directed along a spiral bath inot a central perforated tube, while brine is discharged out the end of the membrane element.. The fluid could be water and the solutions sea water. Under normal conditions the water would pass from the less saline solution to the more saline solution until the salinity was the same. This process will cease however if the level in the more saline side raises to give a difference greater than the Osmotic height. For practical use to allow the generation of large quantities of water. It is necessary to have a large surface area of membrane which has sufficient mechanical strength to resist the pressurised sea water.. The material used for sea water purification is spirally wound polyamide or polysulphonate sheets. One problem with any filtration system is that deposits accumulate and gradually blocks the filter. The sea water is supplied at a pressure of 60bar, a relief valve is fitted to the system. The Osmosis production plant is best suited to the production of large quantities of water rather than smaller quantities of steam plant feed quality. Pre-treatment and post treatment. Sea water feed for reverse osmosis plant is pre-treated before being passed through. The chemical sodium hexa phosphate is added to assist wash through of salt deposits on the surface of the elements and the sea water is sterilised to remove bacteria which could otherwise become resident in the filter. Chlorine is reduced by compressed carbon filter while solids are removed by other filters. Treatment is also necessary to make the water drinkable. The disc tube module is supposed to have the main advantage over the spiral wound type in that it avoids the need for the difficult cleaning processes required. With long lasting membranes, typically 5 years and in built cleaning system the unit will recover 30% as pure water from sea water passing through it Coil or Tube Seawater Evaporator This is a modern version of the type used when I was at sea in the 1960s; they used heating coils in those days as opposed to the pipe nest heaters of today. The coils used to become scaled in salt, with the attendant loss in output of distillate. I was in charge of the vaps and I remember the old chief coming down to the engine room on my watch and balling me out for the downturn in distillate. We were having problems with the boiler feed water purity (next article will cover the testing and treatment of boiler feed water) so I was blowing down the boiler regularly with the associated make-up requirement meant we needed more water pronto. Anyway I took him up to the vaps and showed him the scaling on the heating coils, reminding him that I was pumping Foss chemicals into the beast to try and break this away. He pushed me aside and shut off the seawater supply opening up the steam supply which rapidly dried the salt layer on the coils. He then opened the seawater inlet and hey presto the salt scale cracked and fell of the coils. I used this system several times until I was up for Seconds ticket and examiner wasnt too pleased to hear of this method, called the old Chief several unprintable names. Today we dont have to resort to these measures as there is an innovative device which uses a material that emits oscillations counteracting the natural seawater oscillations, thereby altering its properties and preventing calcium carbonate scale. (I will note the website address in the relevant section; I am too old for this new technology). A tube and coil evaporator consists of a steel vessel which has a nest of heating pipes near the bottom of the vessel being fed by steam or, hot water from the main engine. There is a tube condenser cooled by seawater installed near the top of the vessel. A vacuum is drawn in the vessel by air ejectors operated by steam or pressurised seawater. Seawater is fed into the evaporator just covering the heating pipes. Heat is supplied to the pipes and, this combined with the vacuum conditions begins to boil the seawater producing steam. The steam rises up through a demister into the tube condenser where it is evaporated to distilled water. This is collected and pumped via the salinometer to the storage EVAPORATOR SCALE. There are numerous types of evaporators all working to produce pure water with concentrated sea-water as waste. This concentration effect can lead to the formation of damaging scales within the evaporator. Over concentration is usually prevented by having a continuous stream of sea-water passing through the unit thus maintaining a satisfactory dilution of the sea-water side of the evaporator. However, because of the high salt content, when sea-water is elevated to temperatures above 30 C scales can begin to form on heat transfer surfaces. Additionally as the majority of evaporators operate under vacuum there is a tendency for the make-up water side to foam, which can give rise to carry-over and contamination of the pure water stream. Four scales which are principally found in evaporators are; Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4)-1200ppm, scale formation is principally on density, remains in solution below 140oC and/or 96000ppm.The worst scale forming salt forming a thin hard grey scale Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 remains in solution below 90oC Magnesium Bi-Carbonate 150ppm soluble below 90oC, forms a soft scale, prevention by keeping operating temperature of evaporator below 90oC Above 90oC breaks down to form MgCO3 and CO2 and then Mg(OH)2 and CO2 Calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3)2 180ppm Slightly solube, above 65oC breaks down to form insuluble calcium carbonate forming a soft white scale. scale formation prevented by chemical treatment Ca(HCO3)2 = Ca + 2HCO3 2HCO3 = CO3 + H20 + CO2 If heated up to approximately 80oC CO3 + Ca = CaCO3 If heated above 800C CO3 + H20 = HCO3 + OH Mg + 2OH = Mg(OH)2 Hence if sea water in the evaporator is heated to a temperature below 80oC calcium carbonate predominates. If it is heated above 80oC then magnesium hydroxide scale is deposited. Sodium Chloride 32230 to 25600ppm -generally ignored Soluble below 225000ppm forms a soft encrustation, free ions promote galvanic action. It is unlikely to precipitate and is easily removed Supersaturation This is where the concentration of dissolved salts exceed their solubility at the particular temperature encountered and precipitation begins to occur. When deposition occurs under these conditions heavy scale deposits can rapidly build up and lead to a loss of heat transfer efficiency. Scale deposition due to supersaturation is often localised in areas of elevated temperature such as heat transfer surfaces in heat-exchangers. This is because of localised over concentration of salts with respect to the temperature of the thin water layer at the surface of the metal. Scale deposition can therefore occur on heat-exchange surfaces even when the conditions in the bulk of the water are not scale forming. FINALLY SELECTED GENERATOR VACCUM VAPOUR COMPRESSION FRESHWATER GENERATOR MAKER.. ALFA LAVAL TYPE.. ORCA OFFSHORE SERIES CAPACITY20-70m3/per day vacuum vapour compression is the efficient method of production of fresh water for both drinking and other use. by using this method we can convert the sea water in to fresh water by vacuum distillation process using electricity. The system has simple compact designee made from titanium heat exchanger plates with combined fresh water and feed water system. the system has low maintance cost any work on start and forget operation .and can produced very high quality of fresh water . BASIC Equipment. titanium plate heat exchanger for the combination evaporator and condenser stainless steel distiller shell, air ejector freshwater pump compressor UL approved panel built in freshwater quality monitoring system. ADDITIONAL Equipment fresh water pH adjustment filter. silver-ion or we can say UV sterilisers VACCUME DISTILLATION PROCESS. vacuum distillation is the process use to convert sea water in to fresh water. by this process constant supply of fresh water with low salinity level and be achieved with continuous controlling the water quantity. WORKING PRINCIPAL . 0feed water enter in to the lower section of the plate packs. plates is warmed by heating medium, heating medium is either a jacket water cooling medium or a closed circuit heating medium water is then evaporated at 40-60 degree centigrade in the vacuum of 85-95 % the vapour produces is raised between the plates in the middle section of plate pack. At this point seawater is almost completely removed. these droplet falls back in to the brain sump by the gravity at the bottom of the fresh water generator. only the clean fresh water can enter in to the condenser section and the water is cooled by flow of sea water. at that point vapour is condensed in to fresh water and pumped out by the fresh water pump. GHARP SHOWS THE % TONS PER DAY PRODUCTION Technical specifications (standard units without optional equipment) Water maker type ORCA Offshore 20 ORCA Offshore 30 ORCA Offshore 40 ORCA Offshore 50 ORCA Offshore 60 ORCA Offshore 70 Length (L) mm/inch Width (W) mm/inch Height (H) mm/inch Dry weight kg/lbs Operating weight kg/lbs FW pump motor kW/hp Brine pump motor kW/hp SW pump motor kW/hp (option) Circ. pump motor Electric power (kW installed) Power consumption kwh/m3 fresh water Fresh water quality Dimensions *) THE DRAWING SHOWS ORCA OFFSHOREE SERIES WITHOUT OPTIONS 2450 / 96 2150 / 85 2400 / 94 3700 / 8175 3865 / 8521 1.3 / 1.7 1.3 / 1.7 12.5 / 1 1.9 / 2.6 78.5 18 WHO standard, less than 5 ppm NaCl 2800 / 110 2150 / 85 2400/94 4000 / 8818 4185 / 9226 1.3 / 1.7 1.8 / 2.4 12.5 / 17 3.6 / 4.9 81 18 SLOW SAND FILTER (SSF) FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL. Slow sand filters (SSFs) are probably the most effective, simplest and least expensive water treatment process. Micro-organisms and other particulate materials are effectively removed by SSFs. Considerable development has been done on SSFs with respect to particle removal, but only a few works have been reported in the context of the removal of heavy metals which are a severely toxic pollutant of surface waters. No extensive laboratory or pilot studies have been carried out to determine the performance or the mechanisms of removal of heavy metals by SSFs. This research is concerned with an experimental investigation of the removal of heavy metals from surface water by SSFs. Four laboratory scale SSFs were built and run according to standard design criteria. Removal of four common heavy metals [copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)] were monitored. The filters were fed synthetic water made from tap water mixed with settled sewage, and each filter was dosed with one of the heavy metal salts. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in the influent were selected as 10 mg/l, 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l, 60 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l, and 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/l respectively considering their relative toxicity and WHO guidelines in drinking water. Settled sewage was added to vary the total organic carbon (TOC) of the feed water. The reduction of heavy metal concentrations were monitored at various TOCs, filtration rates and filter bed depths. The results showed that SSFs succeeded in removing heavy metals from water. The removals of Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd at the conventional flow rate and filter depth are 99.6,97.2,100 and 96.6 % respectively. The results also showed that an increase in TOC in the feed water improved metal removal while increases of flow rates caused a decrease of the removal of metals. The removal of heavy metals also decreased with a reduction in sand bed depth. The optimisation of design parameters for SSFs for the removal of heavy metals depends on the individual heavy metal and on the TOC content of the feed water. Model equations were developed for, and linear correlation was observed between each of the three control parameters and the removal of the selected metal. The removal of heavy metal by SSFs was achieved through the combination of a number of mechanisms. Settlement, adsorption to both sand and organic matter and microbial WORKING PRCEDURE slow and sand filter work through the formation of a layer know as hypogeal layer or schmutzdecke .hypogeal layer contain microorganism that remove bacteria and trap condiments particles.it consist of bacteria,fungi,portozoa,rotera and a range of aquatic insect larva. the hypogal layer provides effective purification in potable water treatment. as the water passes through the hypogeal layer particles of foreign matter are trapped in the mucilaginous matrix and dissolved organic material is adsorbed and metabolised by bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Water produced form a well managed slow sand filter is free from heavy metals and other hazards. Slow sand filter are simple, are easily used by small systems, and have been adapted to package plant construction . Slow sand filter are similar to single media rapid-rate filters in some respects, but there are crucial differences in functional mechanisms(other than the obvious difference in flow rate): the schmutzdecke removes suspended organic materials and microorganisms by biodegradation and other biological processes, instead of relying solely on simple filtration or physic-chemical sorption. Advantages of slow sand filtration include its low maintenance requirements (since it does not require backwashing and requires less frequent cleaning) and the fact that its efficiency does not depend on actions of the operator. However, slow sand filters do require time for the schmutzdecke to develop after cleaning, during which the filtration performance steadily improves; this interval is called the ripening period. The ripening period can last from six hours to two weeks, but typically requires less than two days. A two day filter-to-waste period is recommended for typical sand filters . Since few remedies are available to an operator when the process is ineffective, slow sand filtration should be used with caution and should not be used without pre treatment or process modifications unless the raw water is low in turbidity, algae, and colour . Package plant versions with a granular activated carbon layer located beneath the slow sand filter can absorb organic materials that are resistant enough to biodegradation to pass through the schmutzdecke. When used with source water of the appropriate quality, slow sand filtration may be the most suitable filtration techno logy for small systems (6). Slow sand filtration has demonstrated removal efficiencies in the 90 to 99.9999% range for viruses and greater than 99.99% for Guardia FILTER DISCRUPTION. Square tank Media depth: 2-3 ft Surface area: Filtration rate: 2-10 gal/min-ft2 Flow through filter: 350-3,500 gpm Backwash frequency: every 24 houre CALCULATION We have required maximum 40000 litter per day production per day. and the filtration rate of this filter is max 51000 litter per day which fulfil our requirement. and we have to put two filter in parellal for the standby and maintaince purpose. So that if one filter stop working we can use the other standby filter to run the system as per requirement. IMPORTANT POINTs there is one bypass line in slow sand filter before the water enter in to the sand filters. and this bypass meet the discharge line of distilled pump. The reason for this bypass is that if the ship is in the sea we can open the bypass valve and the fresh water then straight go to the mineraliser unit. because in the roiling and pitching condition the slow sand filter does not work properly the sand filter unit is completely fixed with proper fitting. so that when the main engine runs it does not move from his place. one the important is that the system will take at least 2 day to start working .so for days the ship master has to arrange some external sources of drinking water. CLEANING METHOD There is two method of cleaning of sand filter 1. the top few millimetres of fine sand is scraped off to expose a new layer of clean sand. Water is then decanted back into the filter and re-circulated for a few hours to allow a new Schmutzdecke to develop. The filter is then filled to full depth and brought back into service 2. The second method, sometimes called wet harrowing, involves lowering the water level to just above the Schmutzdecke, stirring the sand and thereby suspending any solids held in that layer and then running the water to waste. The filter is then filled to full depth and brought back into service. Wet harrowing can allow the filter to be brought back into service more quickly. POSITION. we can fit the sand filter before the discharge of distilled pump. CHEMICAL TREATMENT. VAPTREAT. chemical known as vaptreat is add in to the system before the point where sea water is going inside the system .because this chemical make the sea water soft. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES Odour: Odourless Appearance: Liquid, pale yellow, soluble in water Contact with eyes: Mildly irritating to eyes Contact with skin: In cases of severe exposure, irritation may develop Inhalation: Vapours or aerosols may cause irritation of eyes, nose and respiratory tract Ingestion: May cause gastro-intestinal disturbances MINERALISER AND CHLORINE UNIT After the discharge of distilled pump the water then pass through the mineraliser after the mineraliser chlorine is added to the water. capacity of mineraliser=3800liter/hour capacity of chlorine unit.=3800liter/hour PUMPS REQUIREMENTS Ejector Pump The ejector pump is a single-stage centrifugal pump which supplies the condenser with sea water and the brine/air ejector with jet water as well as feed water for evaporation. Fresh Water/Distillate Pump The single-stage centrifugal fresh water pump extracts the distillate from the condenser and pumps it to the fresh water tank. POSITION OF EJECTOR PUMP The pump is fitted after the suction of low sea chest. because at the low sea chest suction there is no oil present .and is the best point of taking the main sea water suction . TYPE OF PUMP. TEHNICAL DATA CASING.. Cast iron, Nodular cast iron, Bronze, Stainless steel IMPELLER.. Cast iron, Bronze, Stainless steel MAXIMUM CAPACITY.850m3 per hour MAXIMUM DELIVER HEAD105M MAXIMUM LIQUID TEMPERATURE120 CENTIGRADE MAXIMUM PRESSURE.1000KPa MAXIMUM SPEED3600 rpm Salinometer The salinometer continuously checks the salinity of the produced water. The alarm set point is adjustable. salinometer continuously check the quality of the distillate, a salinometer is provided at the outlet side of the distillate pump. If the salinity of the produced fresh water exceeds the chosen maximum value, the solenoid valve is activated to automatically dump the distillate to the bilge and an alarm is sounded Control Panel The control panel contains motor starters, running lights, salinometer and contacts for remote alarm. DISTILLED WATER TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION Each fresh water generator distillate pump discharges through a salinometer and a flow meter. Positioned before the flow meter is a solenoid valve. This opens when the salinometer detects too high a salinity level, diverting the distillate pump output to the bilge. The discharge from the FW generators flows to either the distilled water tank which is situated in the steering gear room on the starboard side though inlet valve or to the fresh water tanks which are both situated on the port and starboard sides of the steering gear room. The distilled water tank supplies water to the boiler feed water tank via valve Fresh water produced in the generator that is to be used for domestic purposes is directed through a mineraliser and a chlorination sterilising unit before entering the fresh water tanks. The fresh water tanks supply water to the d